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Article about uses of date palm fruit:
Date, date palm [English], palmera datilera, palma datilera, támara, fénix, datilero [Spanish], dattier, palmier dattier [French], tamareira, datileira [Portuguese], dadelpalm
Date palm fruits. Date, date palm [English], palmera datilera, palma datilera, támara, fénix, datilero [Spanish], dattier, palmier dattier [French], tamareira, datileira [Portuguese], dadelpalm [Dutch], Echte Dattelpalme [German], pohon kurma [Indonesian], palma da datteri [Italian], kurma [Javanese], Geed Timir [Somali], Palmerang datilero [Tagalog], ఖర్జూరం [Telugu], hurma [Turkish], نخلة التمر [Arabic], খেজুর [Bengali], Χουρμαδιά [Greek], ખજૂર [Gujarati], खजूर [Hindi], תמר מצוי [Hebrew], ナツメヤシ [Japanese], 대추야자 [Korean], खजूर [Marathi], Zōyacapolcuahuitl [Nahuatl], خرما [Persian], Финиковая пальма, Финик пальчатый [Russian], อินทผาลัม, อินทผลัม [Thai], کھجور [Urdu], chà là [Vietnamese], 海枣 [Chinese] Cull dates, culled dates, date waste, wasted dates, whole dates, immature dates Pitted dates, stoned dates Date press cake. Fruits and by-products Plant products and by-products.
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Date palm seeds Date palm leaves and date pedicels Date molasses. Dates, the fruits of the date palm tree ( Phoenix dactylifera L.), are a major staple food in arid areas of North Africa and the Middle East, and the date crop plays a central role in the economy and social life of these regions (Janick et al., 2008, Botes et al., 2002, El-Deek et al., 2010). There are more than 3000 date varieties in the world. Iran, Irak, Morocco and Tunisia have the most diversified germplasm (Zaid et al., 2002, Abdelmajid, 2005). While date palms are primarily cultivated for food, some local varieties are traditionally grown for animal consumption (Williams, 1978). The date palm is an evergreen palm tree that can reach 15-40 m in height. Its fasciculated root system can grow to a depth of 6 m (Zaid et al., 2002). The stem, or stipe, is cylindrical, straight, up to 1-1.1 m in diameter. The date palm bears 100-120 large fronds, 4-7 m long. Phoenix dactylifera is a dioecious species with male and female plants. A female tree bears about 12 inflorescences per year. These spikelike clusters of up to 10,000 flowers have a central rachis and 50-100 spikelets (Zaid et al., 2002, Ecocrop, 2011). Date palm trees begin fruiting within 2 to 4 years and reach full production at 5-8 years (Ecocrop, 2011). An average well-managed palm can produce about 60-70 kg of fresh dates per year but yields up to 200 kg/year can be obtained (Ecocrop, 2011, Peyron, 2000). The date fruit is an oblong, one-seeded berry, with a fleshy and sweet pericarp. Dates vary greatly in size (18 to 110 mm long), weight (2-60 g), colour (yellow to black) and taste. The date seed (also called pit, stone or kernel) is hardcoated, oblong and weighs 0.5 to 4g (Zaid et al., 2002). The date palm industry produces fresh and dried dates, whole dates and pitted (stoned) dates, date paste, date syrup and date wine. Date by-products include cull dates, immature dates, date pedicels, date seeds, date presscake and date molasses. All these by-products are used to feed animals. This datasheet deals with cull dates and other fleshy by-products. The other by-products are described in the datasheets Date seeds, Date leaves and pedicels and Date molasses. Phoenix dactylifera is also a useful agroforestry species with other uses than date production: the trunks are tapped for a sap that is made into palm wine and the leaves are harvested for thatch, fiber, basketry and fodder (Ecocrop, 2011). In 2009, 7.52 million tons of date palm fruits were produced worldwide. Date palm trees were planted in 1.15 million ha and the average yield was about 6.52 t/ha (FAO, 2011). The main producers were Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Algeria, Iraq, Sudan and Oman (FAO, 2011). Arab countries possess 70% of the world date palms (El-Juhany, 2010). Most of the production is consumed locally and only 10% were exported in 2007. Date palm is one of the oldest domesticated fruit crops (since 4000 BC in Ancient Egypt), and one of the most important growing in desert areas (Ramawat, 2010). Date palm trees are widely spread in arid and semi-arid areas within 10° and 39° in the Northern Hemisphere, the optimal latitude being between 24 and 34°N in the Old World, and between 33 and 35°N in the West Coast of the USA (Zaid et al., 2002).
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